A solid, superbly made, entry-level luxury sedan. So except for some funky dash plastics, the C230 Kompressor is what we’ve come to expect from the Mercedes C-Class. The trunk is also quite roomy, offering a useful 12.9 cubic-feet of space. And the headrests fold with just a touch of a button, when you need a better view of what’s behind you. Rear seat room is adequate for adult passengers, and the wide seat is very supportive. Plus some tricky fiber-optic technology on the inside. Stereo changes for ‘99 come in the form of integrated controls for the sound system, optional CD changer and cellular phone, all in a single unit. But unlike other C-Class models, the Kompressor’s climate controls are manually controlled, but as well laid out as any. The gauges are large, clear, if incomplete, as are those on all Mercedes products. The standard cloth-and-leather bucket seats are firm and supportive, with 10-way power controls. Safety equipment, however, lives up to the Mercedes’ reputation, with both front and side airbags for front seat occupants. But while the well-equipped, if compact-sized, interior features some lovely wood trim on the dash doors and center console, the quality of plastics used seems lower than we’re used to in this prestigious brand. We also expect lots of luxury, and a very high level of build quality. Stops from 60 averaged 121 feet, with plenty of pedal feel, and rock-like stability. But the chassis feels very tight, with little body roll.īraking is by 4-wheel discs, with standard anti-lock and Brake Assist. The recirculating-ball power steering is quick and surprisingly precise, but lacks feel when worked hard. Front plow is pronounced, with the tail then drifting out in a smooth, predictable manner. In standard form, our Kompressor test car produced solid, predictable handling. Larger 16-inch wheels, as well as firmer suspension calibrations, are available as part of the optional Sport Package. As do the 15-inch alloy wheels, shod with 205/60R-15 tires. EPA estimates are 21 city/29 highway, while we managed 24 miles per gallon in every-day driving.īut while the drivetrain sees big changes for 1999, the C230’s double-wishbone front and 5-arm multi-link rear suspension remains the same. This performance carries over to the street, where the new powerplant delivers significantly more power for passing, and does so with impressive fuel economy. Shifts are firmer than in the last 5-speed C-Class that we drove, but never harsh. Not only does that beat Mercedes’ 0-60 claims by a half second, but it’s almost as fast as the discontinued but still formidable C36 super sedan! Though it did so with noticeably more vibration and noise than the company’s normally silky smooth sixes. Which, when put to the test, pushes this car to 60 in an impressive 7.6 seconds, and through the full 1/4 mile in 15.7 seconds at 89 miles-per-hour. But, that’s 37 more horsepower for the C230 than before, with an equally impressive 38 more pound-feet of torque! All fed through Mercedes’ latest 5-speed adaptive automatic transmission, and standard-for-1999, ASR traction control system. Borrowed from the SLK roadster, the 2.3-liter supercharged, intercooled 4-banger makes the same 185 horsepower and 200 pound-feet of torque. And in the 1999 C230 Kompressor, Kompressor being German for supercharger, the difference is immediately apparent.īut first, the numbers. Something that the entry level 4-cylinder Mercedes-Benz C-Class sedan definitely needed. So for 1999, Mercedes-Benz has decided to give owners of its 4-cylinder C-Class sedans a boost, and one that should help them keep up with the Jones’.īecause adding a supercharger means a big power increase. Their cars, despite having all the luxury and refinement of other Mercedes, are always outpaced by V6 and V8 models. Mercedes-Benz owners that drive the company’s normally-aspirated 4-cylinder models have always been the “poor relations” when it comes to performance.
0 Comments
However, some say that this ‘official’ number is not accurate because the local authorities have been known to knock off a few numbers whenever they get too high.Īs you might expect, given the death toll, the bridge is also said to be incredibly haunted. The bridge was built in 1913 and claimed its first death in 1919, so that’s a rate of more than one suicide per year. The latest figure sits at about 102, but that number is constantly growing. There is an unusually high number of suicides here. It is known locally by its nickname – the suicide bridge. Reed.Ĭolorado Street Bridge, 504 W Colorado Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91105Ĭolorado Street Bridge is a beautiful structure, but it has a dark side. Reed and a man in a blue peacoat who could be Mr. Most commonly, sighted spirits include a lady in white believed to be Mrs. Somewhere between 10 and 13 people were murdered that night, so it is no surprise that the place is haunted. They never did find it, and they were soon rounded up and executed for their crimes. In 1848 some British pirates staying at the Mission learned of Reed’s gold and laid waste to the Mission, slaughtering everyone in the building. However, Reed was a boastful man, and he may have boasted to the wrong people! It is believed that the buried treasure was worth roughly $200,000. Reed set up the Mission as a bed and breakfast, requiring payment in gold – as it was the height of the gold rush, he managed to amass a small fortune, which he decided to bury somewhere on the mission grounds. Mission San Miguel’s story is undoubtedly intriguing and sounds like a blockbuster movie’s plot! The Mission was founded in 1797 but was secularized in 1836 and sold to The Reed Family in 1846 for just $250! Mission San Miguel Arcángel, 775 Mission St, San Miguel, CA 93451 Read more on the haunted Queen Mary Hotel. These are the only handful of reports of paranormal disturbances on board! There are also reports of a lady in white in the Queen’s Salon, a male in 1930s attired in the First Class suites, and the sounds of children playing near the storage room. They have both been seen as apparitions, and visiting psychics have said they feel a negative presence coming from the changing rooms. The First Class Swimming Pool is haunted by two female spirits who are said to have drowned in the 1930s and 1960s, respectively. However, we can touch on some of the most common hauntings. The ship is incredibly haunted, and we could not even begin to document all of the strange events that have occurred there in this one summary. The former ocean liner is now permanently docked at Long Beach, where it serves as a very popular hotel with paranormal researchers and others interested in the supernatural. The Queen Mary Hotel is recognized as not only one of the most haunted locations in California many believe it to be one of the most haunted hotels in the world. The Queen Mary, 1126 Queens Hwy, Long Beach, CA 90802 Read more about the haunted Alcatraz Prison. Some have even said that they encounter apparitions who spoke to them of abuse at the hands of guards and other inmates! Visitors have experienced being touched, feeling cold spots, and even having emotional outbursts of either sadness or anger. Other common reports detail disembodied voices, sobbing, screams, banging of cell doors, and putrid smells, which some say indicate a demonic presence. One of the most feared presences on the island is known simply as ‘The Thing.’ This entity is said to have red glowing eyes, and it has been seen not only by visitors today but by prisoners and staff when Alcatraz was in operation. The prison is like a breeding ground for the paranormal. The entire building is soaked in fear, regret, anger, pain, and death – the perfect recipe for restless souls and much darker entities! This former high-security prison is probably even more likely to be haunted, given the conditions when it was in operation, coupled with the dangerous criminals housed within its walls. Few structures in this world are as infamous as Alcatraz! Prisons are often a haven for restless spirits, and Alcatraz is no different. eBooks can not be returned if license code has been redeemed.eBook file is not a printable PDF, and intended for electronic use only.License code restrictions prevent multi-user access or use on networks. eBooks are intended for single user use only.Dual monitors, tablet, or separate reader device is recommended to facilitate use of the eBook with the software throughout the course.Access your eBook online from any Internet-connected device with a modern browser. Android Smart Phones & Tablets (requires Android 5.0 and higher)ģ. free disk space for download and installation OS Language All Mac OS X supported language operating systems Disk Space 3 GB free disk space for download.iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad (requires iOS 11 or later).Download your eBook to your mobile phone or tablet and open it in the free VitalSource Bookshelf app. No Internet connection is required after you download your eBook to the VitalSource Bookshelf.Ģ. Download your eBook to your personal computer and open it in the free VitalSource Bookshelf application. This format enables you to access your eBook in three ways.ġ. A working knowledge of your operating system.ĪSCENT eBooks are delivered through the VitalSource Bookshelf e-textbook platform.A working knowledge of basic design/drafting procedures and terminology.The practices and files included with this guide might not be compatible with prior versions. Access to the 2020 version of the software.The AutoCAD® 2020: Beyond the Basics guide is not recommended for users that have completed the AutoCAD® 2020: Fundamentals guide, because Beyond the Basics contains the same content. Setting up layers, styles, and templates.Adding parametric constraints to objects.Using more advanced editing and construction techniques.For example, here you go beyond the basic skill of using a template to understand the process of setting up a template, creating annotation styles, and how to work with external references. It covers more sophisticated techniques that extend your mastery of the software. The AutoCAD® 2020: Beyond the Basics guide continues on from the topics covered in the AutoCAD® 2020: Essentials guide. The objective of AutoCAD 2020: Beyond the Basics is to enable you to create, modify, and work with a 2D drawing in the AutoCAD software. Note: This guide is designed for the Windows version of AutoCAD ® 2020 and may not be compatible with the Mac version of AutoCAD ® 2020. Always disable your anti virus before extracting the game to prevent it from deleting the crack files. Also, be sure to right click the exe and always select “Run as administrator” if you’re having problems saving the game. Look for a ‘HOW TO RUN GAME!!.txt’ file for more help. You need these programs for the game to run. If you get any missing dll errors, make sure to look for a _Redist or _CommonRedist folder and install directx, vcredist and all other programs in that folder. NOTICE: This game is already pre-installed for you, meaning you don’t have to install it. The game will not surprise you with something new. It is the full version of the game. Don’t forget to run the game as administrator. Dungreed is a quality pixel 2D action bage with dangerous dungeons. An ARMV8 capable device is required to install and play the apk. Have fun and play! Make sure to run the game as administrator and if you get any missing dll errors, look for a Redist or _CommonRedist folder and install all the programs in the folder.Ĭlick the download button below to start Dungreed Free Download with direct link. Dungreed Mod 1.6.177Mod: Free Money (456 MB).Double click inside the Dungreed folder and run the exe application.zip file and click on “Extract to Dungreed.v1.6.4.zip” (To do this you must have 7-Zip, which you can get here). Once Dungreed is done downloading, right click the.Now let the download begin and wait for it to finish. Wait 5 seconds and click on the blue ‘download now’ button.Click the Download button below and you should be redirected to UploadHaven. – Procedurally generated, but intricately designed maps – Training system to help explore the dungeon – From rusty swords to cutting-edge sniper rifles, various weapons, and magical items – High-quality appetizing pixel-art of food! – Rebuild the town – Dungeons with varying themes such as prison, jungle, and lava zone – Exciting monsters, traps and bosses Train the adventurer and explore deep into the dungeon! You can permanently increase your stats through training and become even stronger with various items and food found in the dungeon. When an adventurer is slain within the dungeon, his items are lost and he is sent back to town. Here you have to go to a small and prosperous village. Enter the dungeon to face the endless threats, rescue the people and rebuild the town! There are no checkpoints in the dungeon. Dungreed Dungreed for iPhone Paid In English V 1.6.224 4 (0) Security Status Download for iPhone Softonic review Action-packed dungeon adventure game Dungreed is a pay-to-play action game where you play as the adventurer sent to fix a once-peaceful town that was destroyed by a mysterious dungeon. In this article, we will share links to Download torrent Dungreed download game for free on PC Download WITHOUT torrent via uFiler (quick and easy) Download torrent Screenshots of Dungreed Dungreed is an action game with a 2D world and tons of abilities. You must become an adventurer sent from the kingdom to solve this disaster. A quiet and peaceful town was destroyed by a mysterious dungeon and all the townspeople were sucked into the dungeon. Dungreed is a 2D side-scrolling action game with 2D Rogue-LITE elements.
Blueberry Essence, Coconut Essence, Green Apple Essence, Lavendar Essence, Mango Essence, Clementine Essence, Spearmint Essence, Strawberry Essence - Sleek's fragrances are a reminder of nature and do not pose a threat to people or the environment.Xantham Gum - Used to increase the viscosity of formulations.Benzophenone-4 - Used to absorb ultraviolet light (UV Inhibitor) to prevent damage and fading caused by UV rays.Those pesky mineral deposits and stains leftover from dirty, hard water typically need to be. Dantogard Plus, Glydant Plus, Parmetol MBX - The preservatives we use are necessary to stop the growth of bacteria and micro-organisms in the product to keep them performing at their best. We all know that water spots can be a pain to deal with.Dissolvine G元8, Sodium Gluconate - Help to remove and prevent hard water spots on boats, bikes, caravans and motorhomes.Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Gluconate, Sodium Hydroxide - Used to adjust the pH of formulations to make them as gentle as they are powerful.Amylase, Protease, Cleaning Enzyme Mixture - Enzymes help break down dirt, fats, oils, grease and stains which is great news when caring for your pride and joy.Alkyl Polyglucoside, Ammonyx LO, Bio-Terge AA-40, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Eco Surfactant, Green Surfactant, Polysorbate 20 ,Sodium Laureth Sulfate, UN 90/90 - Surfactants do most of the hard work to remove the dirt and grime from your favourite toy, to ensure it keeps looking SLEEK.They have used the most pioneering chemistry and have carefully selected every ingredient to ensure they have created the most powerful eco-friendly cleaning products out there. When it comes to Sleek's cleaning products, it's not just their performance that makes them stand out. *Only contents are biodegradable and water soluble. To prevent further hard water spots, mineral deposits and exhaust residue from forming use the Sleek Spray Finishing Wax to apply a protective coating that actively reduces hard water spots, mineral deposits and exhaust residue for up to 3 months. STEP 3: Wipe off with a clean, dry microfibre cloth. STEP 2: Work in with a microfibre cloth all over the desired surface. 1L Refill Pouch uses 80% less plastic than two 500ml SLEEK bottles.Bottle made from 100% Post-Consumer Recycled Plastic (PCR).Designed for Fibreglass, Plastic, Chrome, Glass and all painted surfaces.UV protection for exterior boat surfaces and parts.Will NOT strip your current wax or polish.Removes hard water spots, mineral deposits and exhaust residue.This product is not recommended for mirrors. Please Note: Always try a test spot before use.Wax or seal the area to help prevent future contamination and water spot etching.Re-clean the area with plenty of water, quick detail spray, or waterless wash solution to neutralize the gel.Work 3-5 dots of Heavy Duty Water Spot Remover over 2’ x 2’ area with a microfiber applicator.Clean area to remove any loose dirt, debris, or abrasive contamination.Work out of direct sunlight for best results.Follow up with a coat of wax or sealant to help protect the surface from future water spot contamination and etching. Buff away any water spot gel residue, then neutralize the gel by rinsing clear with water or re-cleaning the area with a more detailed spray or waterless wash solution. First wash away any abrasive dirt and debris particles from the surface with a car wash, quick detail spray, or waterless wash solution. Heavy Duty Water Spot Remover instantly erases alkaline water mineral stains from paintwork, glass, and polished metal surfaces. Beyond this level of contamination, water spots can etch deeper into the surface and cause permanent damage that may require polishing, wet sanding, and even repainting. If left overnight, the spot may stick harder, but they can typically be removed with a clay bar. If caught soon enough, these mineral deposits can be simply wiped away during a car wash or with a quick detail spray. As the water evaporates, all the mineral deposits inside the droplet are left behind as a stain on the surface. Water spot damage begins as droplets of water land on paintwork and other automotive surfaces. Restore glass smooth feeling on glossy surfaces.Prepares surface for wax protection against future spots.Permanently removes stuck-on hard water spots in seconds.Neutralizes water spot stains for effortless removal. 1080x1920px Whatsapp D.p, Black And White, whatsapp dp HD phone wallpaper.3184x5661px Kgf Hero, Black And White, smoking, face HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Dark wolf, blue eye, half, animal, grey wolf,, wild HD phone wallpaper.720x1280px Maharana Pratap, Black And White HD phone wallpaper.1000x2055px 1 Japanese Black and White, black aesthetic japanese HD phone wallpaper.1125x2436px Black for, iPad & iPhone, Waves Black and White HD phone wallpaper.700x1243px Half Matching Couple, Couple Half HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Cute For Couple, Couple Half HD phone wallpaper.1080x2400px Border AMOLED Black and White Edge, Black and White AMOLED HD phone wallpaper.857x1200px Lions Love black and white' Poster, Lioness Black and White HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px hanuman black and white – Ghantee HD phone wallpaper.736x1377px Simple Black And White, Half Black Half White HD phone wallpaper.721x1280px Black And White, Mickey Mouse, And - Disney Black And White HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Matching Couple, Couple Half HD phone wallpaper.Black aesthetic, Black and white wall, Nature graphy, Beach Black and White HD phone wallpaper 1469x2048px Naturally black and white.1080x2076px xxxtentacion black and white HD phone wallpaper.720x1280px half heart couple, Half Black Half Red HD phone wallpaper.1920x1080px Half Screen, half black half white HD wallpaper.1125x2000px Black Tiger, Black and white, Tiger HD phone wallpaper.1013x1800px Sidhu Moose Wala Black, Black And White HD phone wallpaper.700x1245px Aesthetic White Rose, Black and White Roses iPhone HD phone wallpaper.5570x3133px World Map Mural Black And White Fresh Black And White World, world map black HD wallpaper.1987871 Vector Art at Vecteezy, Black and White Diagonal Line HD wallpaper 1386x980px Abstract black stripes diagonal background.1080x1920px black and white iphone lord shiva and krishna, lord shiva black and white HD phone wallpaper.1973x3508px Joker, black white HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Lord Shiva Black And White, God Black HD phone wallpaper.1080x2340px black & white wings HD phone wallpaper.716x1334px Half black half white HD phone wallpaper.1080x960px Half Black Half White HD wallpaper.736x1592px Black and White, half black half white HD phone wallpaper.720x1280px half heart, Half Black Half Red HD phone wallpaper.720x1280px White and Black Painting Art & Collectibles lifepharmafze, half black half white HD phone wallpaper.1080x960px Black And White Half, Half Black Half Red HD wallpaper.IPad 3, iPad 4, iPad Air, iPad iPad, iPad Mini 2, iPad Mini 3, iPad Mini 4, 9.7" iPad Pro: 2048x1536, 1536x2048īlack And White Couple Half Half Black Half Red ganpati black Sidhu Moose Wala Black Kgf Hero Ganesh Black and White Lines Dark Aesthetic Computer Dark wolf Darkness Desert Elegant Black Elegant Black and White IPhone 12 Pro Max, iPhone 13 Pro Max, iPhone 14 Plus: 1284x2778 IPhone Xs Max, iPhone 11 Pro Max: 1242x2688 IPhone X, iPhone Xs, iPhone 11 Pro: 1125x2436 IPhone 6 plus, iPhone 6s plus, iPhone 7 plus, iPhone 8 plus: 1242x2208 IPhone 6, iPhone 6s, iPhone 7, iPhone 8: 750x1334 IPhone 5, iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone SE: 640x1136 IPhone: iPhone 2G, iPhone 3G, iPhone 3GS: 320x480 First, you can load either 32-bit program on your computer or 64-bit onto your computer. Well, this is just about the best as it can get. (In Total) Extra: Paragon Partition Manager 15 Professional 10.1.25.779 WinPE and Linux (EF. Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Suite Customer reviews Customer reviews Top positive review Bruce's Reviews A-Z Bruce's Paragon review I have been purchasing Windows software since 1991. Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional mencakup semua yang Anda butuhkan untuk pengelolaan data terdepan dan membuka pilihan sistem. + WinPE.rar na koncie uytkownika NOWOSCI-FILMOWE-2018 folder ! - PROGRAMY PC. Plik Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional v10. Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional v10. JetBrains P圜harm Professional 2018.2.1 + Crack, 12, 4, Aug. Paragon Alignment Tool Professional v4.0. more make the Hard Disk Manager Professional the preferred hard disk and system administration. Paragon Hard Disk Manager Advanced 16 23 1 (x86-圆4). Download and share Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional v10. And thanks to the latest WinPE technology, the recovery environment is also. Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional v10. HDM 15 Suite unites more than 20 advanced data management technologies, including partitioning, boot correction, file and image backup, disk copying, secure data wiping (even on SSDs), and flexible recovery options. + WinPE -, extratorrent, extratorrents,, extratorrent ag. WinPE/Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional v10. Y gracias a la ltima tecnologa WinPE, el entorno de recuperacin tambin es intuitivo para operar. y recuperacin eficientes, el sofisticado motor de particin Paragon. Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional incluye todo lo que necesita para una. EASEUS Partition Master v10.0 FULL Technician Edition+Crack - Cyclonoid, 15, 0, Apr. Directory Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional v10. SHA-1: 0295c9a7c5d634b3d8ee859c7e86c670c2928110 Filename: HDM16_Basic_trial_64.32db54285b ef91ac3f334d762860d6b465b6857256ad30e66f 717.54 MiB (752391092 Bytes) The Hard Disk Manager 15 Professional includes everything you need for cutting-edge data management and opens up professional system administration options which had never before been possible. License: Trial version Latest update: Thursday, May 17th 2018 Author: Paragon Software Group Technical Title: Paragon Hard Disk Manager 64-bit 16.15.3 for Windows Requirements: Overall, Paragon Hard Disk Manager has a fairly easy to navigate UI and some useful features for free app. - 64bit ENG The Hard Disk Manager 15 Suite is the ideal system and data management solution for the discriminating private user. Drive Copy:Migrate (with Copy partition and copy HDD). Partition Manager:Undelete partitions Split partition Redistribute free space Merge partitions. You can choose from Backup & Recovery: Create single backup Create backup job Restore backup File Transfer Wizard. The wizard that come with Paragon Hard Disk Manager are combined into modules that represent a specific feature set. Wizards redesigned to cover more scenarios.When you first load Hard Disk Manager 16 youll notice the interface is split into sections. Quick “stand-alone/single time” backups. 75.00 MB Download 100 Free Tested & Secure Review Paragon Hard Disk Manager 16 is a comprehensive suite of tools that comes ready to handle all your hard drive management needs.Backup tools will help you back up anything from your emails or Documents folder, to individual partitions or any entire hard drive. Completely new UI helps users manage systems easier than ever. Download Size: 76.50 MB Download 39.96 ( Full Version ) Tested & Secure Review Paragon Hard Disk Manager 15 Suite is a powerful collection of tools which caters for all your hard drive needs. Playlists containing Tabula Rasa (feat.I couldnt weave weight Comment by marslyn We have made a tabula rasa of the Black Book, in which the names of our. This is insanely clever Comment by User 992147427 The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield and Lord Stanhope bave passed through. a tabula rasa, and his distinctions between wit and judgement. Who really on that¿ Comment by groovyspenceĬan earl just rap already Comment by will! and to his son by the earl of Chesterfield, and their influence is seen in. “when Im on a track these niggas skip to me”Įveryone talking about the flow of East but no one talking about this. Sample the smoothest Comment by Matthew Muli of the best rap songs of the year Comment by Tyrell Wilson mind as a tabula rasa, and his distinctions between wit and judgement. could not possibly have written a single line if he was a tabula rasa. This song deserves a grammy alone ✨ Comment by ofwgktadgafllbblsbfbn_chrisĮarl sweatshirt fans when earl loops the same 6 piano notes and a sample of a song for almost 4 minutes : □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ Comment by lxced. became physician to the household of the first earl of Shaftesbury in 1667. Essays by Younger Japanese Scholars on English and American Literature Earl Miner. Genre Rap/Hip Hop Comment by slaughterhouse Those who unlawfully encroach on the obshchak are said to be sentenced to death in most cases.Īlthough the destination of the money from the free obshchak cannot be known for sure, the fund is believed to be used to sponsor future criminal activities, support families of deceased mafia bosses, bribe state officials and keep the criminal underworld afloat, in general.ĭespite the declared “noble” causes, however, some believe the spoils that the obshchak provides go to the few at the top of the criminal hierarchy. "The number of people guarding this obschak sometimes reaches 20 fighters, selected at a group meeting." The mission is trusted to fanatics, the type of thieves with the deepest loyalty to the thief-in-law principle,” claims the above-mentioned YouTube channel. Guarding the cashbox is an honorable and a profitable activity. According to some sources, the number of people guarding this obschak sometimes reaches 20 fighters, selected at a group meeting. “A cashbox of this sort is guarded not by one or two people. ‘Tourers’, car thieves and gang-bang car thief brigades may get taxed 15-20 percent for the right to work in their native region and disturbing the peace,” according to a popular YouTube channel dedicated to researching the Russian criminal underworld.Īlthough the free obshchak can exist in the form of a legalized financial structure, criminal bosses are believed to favor hard cash, as it is harder for the authorities to trace and arrest the money. The criminals regularly working in the region are required to pay 5-10 percent of the profits, depending on the value of the stolen goods. A contribution to the common sum is called a share. “Everyone pays tax to belong to the obschak: regular route pickpockets, purse snatchers, car thieves, drug dealers, house robbers and hucksters and loot repurchasers. The cash flows from all sorts of criminals dealing in the country. The financial schemes directed to replenish the free obshchak are also more elaborate. I thank you all for your attention and concern. So, I’m sending the money totalling 600 rubles back to the treasury. Seeing as, today, one of you is going back out into the general pop, I’m sending over another 400 rubles… these 400 rubles - in agreement with other tramps - are to be deposited into the obschak, together with the previous 200 rubles: they were given to Ruslan as a thief, but this is not appropriate, as he is no thief. ‘Tramps’ of the 16th BUR, I salute you wishing you only the Best and the Brightest - Vyatcheslav ‘Yaponchik’ here. A letter by notorious Russian mafia boss Vyacheslav Yaponchik to the inmates of one of the Russian prisons reads: Sometimes, the camp obshchak may be replenished from the so-called “free cash desk” (Russian: svobodnaya kassa), a network of financial sources located outside of the prison walls and aimed at channeling a stable cash flow inside.Īs it often happened in the 1990s, local seniors with ties to the criminal underworld coerced the youth to donate money to the obshchak, a practice known as “keeping the boys warm” (Russian: patsanov na zone gret’).Īnother source of cash inflow to the camp obshchak is donations from rich and powerful thieves in law. In prison, senior inmates may levy all card games in a prison with a tax of 20 percent or more. |